ʻO ka alumini ka mea metala nui loa i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua. ʻO ia ka metala nonferrous me ka lua o ka hoʻopuka a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka honua ma hope o ke kila. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kona, ma kahi o 1/3 o ke kila. Ma muli o ka palupalu o ka alumini maʻemaʻe a me ka ikaika haʻahaʻa, no laila, ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mea liʻiliʻi e like me ka magnesium, copper, zinc, silicon, a me ka lithium i ka alumini, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o ka alumini alumini. ʻO nā alumini alumini ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia me ka nonferrous metala structural mea i loko o ka ʻoihana no ka maikaʻi o ko lākou ʻano mechanical a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ke kūkulu ʻana, aerospace, kaʻa, hana mīkini, hana moku a me nā ʻoihana kemika.
Loaʻa nā waiwai maikaʻi o nā alumini alumini i ka mechanics a me ke kemika:
① ʻO nāʻano mechanical, iʻike nuiʻia i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka modulus kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka alumini aʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā metala'ē aʻe,ʻo 1/4 wale nō o ke kila, no laila ua kūpono ia no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā māla me nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka māmā ;
② E pili ana i nā waiwai kemika, no ka mea hiki i ka alumini alumini ke hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide nui ma luna o kona ʻili i ka lewa, hiki iā ia ke pale iā ia iho mai ka oxidation hohonu. No laila, loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa a me kahi hoʻohui kemika paʻa loa.
③Aluminum alloy he plasticity maikaʻi a hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o nā profiles like ʻole. Loaʻa iā ia ka conductivity uila a me ka wela. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana, a ʻo ka lua o kāna hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 250 mau alumini alumini me nā mele like ʻole i ka ʻoihana. I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, e like me nā haku mele like ʻole, ua ʻae ʻo Kina i ke ʻano papa helu ʻehā mau helu i ʻae ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mākaʻikaʻi kahua hana, hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hoʻokele helu. ʻO nā alumini alumini i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana koa ka nui o nā alumini alumini-lithium, 2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) series a me 7XXX series aluminum alloys.
Ke koi o ka mākeke a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea alumini alumini like ʻole
2XXX moʻo alumini alumini
2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) moʻo alumini alumini he kiʻekiʻe tensile ikaika, paʻakikī a me ka ikaika luhi, maikaʻi ka wela wela, ka hana ʻana a me ka welding waiwai, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana aerospace, automotive a me nā mea kaua. ʻO nā māka nui ʻo 2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A11, 2A12, etc. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi moʻo o nā ʻāpana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ikaika, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka paʻakikī, a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻino, e like me 2024, 2124, 2524, 2324 alloys, etc.
Ke ulu nei nā kumu hoʻohālike o Kina ma ke ala o ka māmā, ke ola lōʻihi, ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, a loaʻa nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka paʻakikī o ka haʻihaʻi, ke kūpaʻa hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka pale ʻana o ka ʻili fuselage. Ma muli o ka 2024-T351 alumini alumini mānoanoa pā, ua hoʻomohala nā ʻāina ʻē i 2324, 2624 a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomanawanui i ka pōʻino kiʻekiʻe o nā alumini alumini no ka ʻēheu haʻahaʻa me ka ikaika like ʻole, ka paʻakikī, ka luhi a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a ua hoʻokō i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka noi. Ke hoʻomohala nei ʻo Kina i ka hoʻomanawanui pōʻino kiʻekiʻe 2XXX series alumini alumini. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e lilo ana ka microalloying composite i alakaʻi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi no nā Al-Cu-Mg moʻo alumini ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
4XXX moʻo alumini alumini
I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā alloys eutectic a me hypoeutectic Al-Si no nā piston kaʻa ma Kina. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o nā koi hana ʻenehana, paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i nā koi hana. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka Al-Si alloy Hypereutectic, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hoʻonui ʻia, ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa o ka lole a me ka paʻa o ka leo, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka piston mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā alloy Al-Si eutectic. Ua hana nui ʻia nā pistons Al-Si alloy Hypereutectic i nā ʻāina ʻē a hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa, e like me A390 alloy ma United States, AC9A a me AC8A (ZL109) alloys ma Iapana, a me A390 alloy ma Australia. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa he liʻiliʻi nā mea hana ma Kina e hana ana i nā pistons Al-Si alloy hypereutectic, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e hilinaʻi nei i ka lawe ʻana mai. Eia kekahi, aia kahi ākea nui ma waena o nā mea alumini alumini turbocharger automotive a me nā ʻāina ʻē. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei nā mea alumini alumini turbocharger automotive kiʻekiʻe ma Iapana a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomohala i nā mea alumini alumini kaʻa nui no nā pistons kiʻekiʻe a me nā impeller turbocharger.
5XXX Series Aluminum Aluminum
Al-Mg alloys, oi aku Al-Mg alloys me kiʻekiʻe Mg maʻiʻo, he kiʻekiʻe kiko'ī ikaika, weldability maikai a me ka corrosion kū'ē, a e lilo loa hoʻokūkū mea i ka wā e hiki mai ana aerospace, kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki kaʻaahi, moana a me kekahi mau kahua. I kēia manawa, ʻo Al-Mg alloy plates, profiles and welding wires for aerospace, trains, oceans a me nā noi ʻē aʻe e hilinaʻi nui nei i ka lawe ʻana mai. ʻO ka mākeke uwea welding kiʻekiʻe ka mea i monopoli ʻia e ALCOA ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ER5183 a me ER5356 alloys ke hilinaʻi nui nei i ka lawe ʻana mai, a ʻo ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai ma kahi o 70% o kā lākou kūʻai. Al-Mg alloys no nā moku e hilinaʻi nui ma Rusia. Loaʻa nā dendrites i kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka pae eutectic koʻikoʻi, a me ka hana maikaʻi ʻole o ka hana. He nui nā pilikia o nā ʻano hana o kēia manawa, e like me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana, ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka maikaʻi, ke kaʻina lōʻihi, ka maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā hua haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka sub-wikiwiki a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ua o Mg, a i ka manawa like hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kristal equiaxed maikaʻi a me nā pae nano-precipitated, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana a me ka like ʻole o ka mea. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka sub-rapid solidification hoʻomau rheological extrusion a me ka ʻenehana ʻōwili ʻana no ka hana kiʻekiʻe Al-Mg alloys e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō i ka koi no nā alloy Al-Mg kiʻekiʻe.
6XXX Series Aluminum Alloys
6XXX moʻo alumini alumini mea waiwai nui i loko o ke kahua o ka rail transit, kaʻa, uila, etc. Mai ka 1980s, kūkulu 'āina a me nā māhele e like me 'Eulopa, ka United States, a me Iapana ua hoʻomohala i nā alumini alumini no nā kaʻa, i kakau inoa 'ia e like me 6009, 6016, 6010, 6111, a me ka hana a me ka hoʻohana 'ōnaehana no ka hoʻokō 'ana a me ka 6022. nā panela kino kaʻa, extrusions, forgings, etc. Ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o 6XXX series aluminum alloy body panels a forgings ma Kina, a aia kahi hakahaka. Ua manaʻo ke Kuhina o ka ʻOihana a me ka ʻIke ʻIke o Kina e hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻāpana alumini kaʻa kaʻa: 6016-S, 6016-IH, 6016-IBR, 6A16-S, 6A16-IBR, 6022, a pēlā aku. he 60 d ka loa'a ka ikaika o ka ho'oku'u 'ana i ka ikaika Rp0.2 'a'ole i emi iho ma mua o 140 N/mm2 a me ka ho'onui 'ana i ka ikaika o ka pa'akikī pena ma lalo o 80 N/mm2. I ka pane ʻana i nā pono like ʻole, ua lilo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻolālā, hoʻomākaukau a me ka ʻenehana hana o 6XXX series aluminum alloys i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻomohala.
7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys
7XXX moʻo alumini alumini he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi kūpaʻa kūpaʻa a ʻo ia ka moʻo ikaika loa ma waena o nā alumini alumini. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he mau mea iwi kuamoʻo. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻomohala nā ʻāina ʻē i ka alloy 7055 (Al8Zn-2.05Mg-2.3Cu-0.16Zr), nona ke koʻikoʻi hua ma mua o 620 MPa ma ka mokuʻāina T77511. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka mokulele Boeing 777 a hoʻemi i ke kaumaha e 635 kg. I kēia manawa, nele ʻo Kina i ka hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka ʻenehana hana no ka 7XXX moʻo alumini alumini no ka mokulele, a hilinaʻi loa kekahi mau huahana i ka lawe ʻana mai. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ingots o 7XXX moʻo alumini alumini me ka nui o nā mea ala, ka laulā solidification ākea, ka nui o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi, a me ka maʻalahi o ka oxidation / segregation o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, maikaʻi ʻole ka maikaʻi metallurgical o nā ingots a haʻahaʻa ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka lumi, he mea nui ia e hoʻomohala i nā alloy alumini 7XXX hou.
Aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) huila
ʻO Aluminum-lithium alloy ka mea māmā e ulu wikiwiki ana i nā mea mokulele i nā makahiki i hala. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe elastic modulus, kiʻekiʻe kikoʻī stiffness, maikaʻi luhi hana, a me ka corrosion. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā alumini alumini maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nuipa e 10% ~ 20% a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka paʻakikī e 15% ~ 20%. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, ua hoʻokumu ka hui ALCOA ʻAmelika i ka "ALCOA Aviation 20/20 Plan", me ka pahuhopu e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai a me ke kaumaha o nā alumini alumini mokulele e 20% i kēlā me kēia i loko o 20 mau makahiki. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Constellium i 2050 a me 2198 alumini-lithium alloys (Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag) me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī a me ka hoʻomanawanui pōʻino kiʻekiʻe. He liʻiliʻi loa nā māka Al-Li alloy i kūkulu kūʻokoʻa ma Kina, a ʻo ka 1420 alloy wale nō i hoʻohana ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia e Alcoa ka alumini-lithium alloy i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mokulele mokulele C919. I loko o ka hale, hiki ke hana ʻia i nā māka hao wale nō e like me 1420, 2195, 2197, a me 2A97, a ʻo nā ingots wale nō nā ingots pālahalaha ma lalo ((310~400) × 1280 × 4000) mm a me nā ingots poepoe ma lalo o φ650 mm. ʻO nā ingots palahalaha (2B16) me ka mānoanoa o ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 mm a me ka laulā o ʻoi aku ma mua o 1500 mm, a me nā ingots (2B16) me ke anawaena o ʻoi aku ma mua o 1500 mm ma ke kahua o nā noi mokulele kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i hana ʻia i ka ʻoihana. No laila, he mea nui ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻolālā alumini-lithium alloy hou, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka ingot nui a me ka ʻenehana hana hohonu.
Aluminum pale wela
ʻO nā alumini alumini pale wela nā mea kumu nui ma nā kahua o ka aerospace, nā kaʻa, ka halihali kaʻaahi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea e like me Si, Fe, Ni, Ag, a me nā ʻāina laha ʻole e hana i nā alumini alumini kūʻē i ka oxidation a kolo i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā alumini alumini kuʻuna wela me ka: 2519, 2618, 2219, 2D70, a me nā mea'ē aʻe Me ka ulu wikiwikiʻana o nāʻoihana aerospace a me nā kaʻa kaʻa, ua kauʻia nā koi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o nā alumini alumini wela. He kiʻekiʻe ka holo kaʻa o ka hanauna hou o nā mokulele mokulele, a ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hana o ka ʻili fuselage ma luna o 150°C. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela o nā alumini alumini wela e like me 2618 a me 2D70 ma lalo o 150 ° C. He mea nui ia e hoʻomohala i nā alumini alumini wela hou.
Al-Sc alloy me ultra-low scandium (Sc) maʻiʻo
ʻO Al-Sc alloy he mau waiwai maikaʻi loa e like me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka plasticity maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a ua lilo ia i hanauna hou o nā mea māmā no ka aerospace, nā moku, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma hope o Al-Li alloy. ʻO ka ikaika tensile o Al-Mg alloy e loaʻa ana i nā helu scandium he 30% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka 5083 alloy, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hua ma mua o ka pālua. Ua like kona weldability me ka 5XXX series alloys maʻamau, ʻo nā mea mechanical o ka wela wela a me ka weld ua like ia me nā mea o ka matrix, a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kona kūpaʻa corrosion me ka 5083 alloy. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana 5XXX a i ʻole 6XXX series i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana aerospace hiki ke hoʻokō i nā hopena hōʻemi koʻikoʻi, a he mea maikaʻi loa ia no nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa kaʻa. Aia ʻo Rusia ma ke alo o ka honua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā alumini alumini scandium, a ua hana ʻo Al-Mg-Sc, Al-Mg-Li-Sc, Al-Zn-MgSc, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, a me Al-Cu-Mg-Sc alloys me kahi scandium maʻiʻo o 0.18%~0. I mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā alumini-scandium alloys i ka aerospace a me nā kaʻa, ua helu ke Kuhina o ka ʻOihana a me ka ʻIke ʻIke ʻIke i ka scandium -containing aluminum alloys ma ke ʻano he mea hou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ua waiwai ʻo Kina i nā kumuwaiwai scandium a ua kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi laina hana hoʻoheheʻe scandium oxide kiʻekiʻe, e kau ana i ke kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā alumini-scandium alloys.
ʻO 500 MPa ka wela wela alumini alumini no nā kaʻa
Aia nō kahi hakahaka i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe alumini ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma Kina. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hou he ala kūpono ia e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia o nā ʻāpana kaʻa alumini alumini ikaika kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā huila 7XXX moʻo, e ʻimi ikaika ana i nā ʻāpana 2XXX, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea alumini alumini papa 500 MPa no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana wela he mau manaʻolana koʻikoʻi no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻa paʻakikī.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui kumu alumini
Aluminum-steel multilayer composite plate: ʻO ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka alumini a me nā papa kila i lilo i mea paʻa no ka māmā o nā superstructure o nā moku nui. ʻO ka alumini-steel composite transition joint i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kuʻi ʻana ma waena o ka alumini a me nā hull kila e hāʻawi i kahi hopena e pani ai i ke kaʻina hana riveting kuʻuna. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Honda i kahi ʻenehana hui kila a me ka alumini e hoʻohana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā papa kaʻa i hana nui ʻia. I kēia manawa, lawe ʻia nā hui alumini-steel composite i hoʻohana ʻia ma Kina mai nā ʻāina ʻē, me ke kumu kūʻai e like me 4 × 10 5 CNY / t. Me nā moku nui e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka welding wela, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi o ka lawe ʻana, a me nā pilina paʻa ikaika e koi ʻia no nā hui hoʻololi, a ʻo nā hui alumini-steel hana kiʻekiʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-08-2025
